Strangulating intestinal obstructions in four captive elephants ( Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana). The altered pharmacokinetics of both drugs in repeated-dosing clinical situations underscores the need for individual therapeutic drug monitoring for tuberculosis treatment. Both elephants experienced delayed absorption of isoniazid and rifampin as compared to previous pharmacokinetic studies in this species. Rifampin's half-life was reduced when compared to previous single-dose pharmacokinetic profiles of healthy uninfected Asian elephants. This report describes the pharmacokinetic profiles of chronically administered oral isoniazid and rifampin in one adult male and one adult female Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ) that were asymptomatically infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ISONIAZID AND RIFAMPIN PHARMACOKINETICS IN TWO ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) INFECTED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.Įgelund, Eric F Isaza, Ramiro Alsultan, Abdullah Peloquin, Charles A The elephant not only survived the procedures but also resumed normal estrous cycles, as demonstrated by blood progesterone concentration monitoring. Severe infection of the caudal vaginal vestibulum complicated wound healing, and over the following year two corrective surgeries were performed, which resolved the fistula 3 mo after the second debridement. With standing xylazine tranquilization, the dam received a vagino-vestibulotomy to permit total fetotomy of the calf, which presented with bilateral carpal arthrogryposis. After 13 mo calving resumed and a full-term dead calf advanced into and lodged within the vagina. Despite veterinary intervention, the calf was not delivered. A tot.ĭelayed postpartum fetotomy in an Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus).Ī 37-yr-old Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus) started parturition after 640 days of pregnancy but no fetal parts entered the birth canal. The mean reported age was 38 years (range 5-60 years). Private and government-owned male and female captive Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) were included in the study. USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript databaseĪ comprehensive elephant tuberculosis (TB) survey using culture and four serological screening tests was conducted in Nepal.

Tuberculosis surveillance of elephants ( Elephas maximus) in Nepal at the captive-wild interface

Javan elephant outline